Triangular trade :: essays research papers

     Slaves and slave exchange has been a significant piece of history for an exceptionally lengthy timespan. In the long stretches of the British thirteen settlements in North America, slaves and slave exchange was a significant piece of its turn of events. It even carried on to just about 200 years of the United States history. The slave exchange of the thirteen settlements was a significant piece of the provinces just as Europe and Africa. So as to gracefully the thirteen settlements proficiently through exchange, Europe built up the technique for triangular exchange. It is alluded to as triangular exchange since it comprises of exchange with Africa, the thirteen provinces, and England. These three territories are ordinarily called the exchanges â€Å"three legs.†  â â â â      The first leg of this exchange was dealers from Europe carrying refined merchandise to Africa to exchange for slaves. The shippers exchanged with boss and high power pioneers. The boss practically could and would exchange whomever they satisfied, there was no limitation with respect to who the slaves were.      On the second leg of this exchange slaves were moved toward the West Indies, this leg was known as the center entry. This part was frightful for the slaves. About half of the considerable number of slaves on one boat would not make it toward the West Indies due to sickness or severe abuse. Several men, lady and kids were confined together for the greater part of the excursion, once in a while capable move a practically better than average sum.      On the third leg of the excursion slaves were exchanged for sugar, molasses and different items. Those items were sent to Europe or other European states in the Americas. The slaves in the West Indies were then offered to whomever needed to get a few.

Leadership Traits - Donald Trump Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facilities and Conflicts Free Essays

There is an expansion in the travel industry in Castleton, as a result of this numerous contentions occur between the traveler and local people. To over beat these contentions the chamber have needed to include offices for voyagers. The table connected with this shows a portion of the offices added to attempt to comprehend a portion of the contentions that occur. We will compose a custom article test on Offices and Conflicts or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now I have additionally clarified beneath about each contention and how the gathering have attempted to unravel the contention. Litter: One of the main clashes that happen in Castleton is that a large number of the sightseers drop litter. At the point when sightseers drop litter this clearly make local people angry in light of the fact that is demolishing the earth. The board have attempted to conquer this issue by putting receptacles around the town; there are likewise notification of fines for dropping litter around the town to make an endeavor to stop vacationers dropping litter. Toilets: Another contention that happens in Castleton is that the vacationers pester local people to let them utilize their toilets. For instance some visitor just go into a shop/open house to utilize the can. The board have attempted to conquer this issue by placing open toilets in certain spots in Castleton. Bearings: Another contention that happens that disturbs a portion of local people a great deal is that sightseers are normally approaching local people for headings. The chamber have set up signs and data sheets around the town. There is additionally and traveler data focus in Castleton, were the vacationer could pose inquiries (headings) rather than asking local people and they could likewise get flyers and maps. Traffic: Another significant clash between the traveler and local people in light of the traffic. There are two sections to the traffic struggle. The initial segment is the stopping. There weren’t enough parking spots along the streets for the visitor. This caused a significant issue leaving issues since visitor left their vehicle any place they could. This caused issues and clashes with local people since local people required spots to leave their vehicles as well. To take care of this issue the board manufactured a major vehicle leave for vacationer (vehicles, mentors and so on). The board have additionally put stopping limitations, for example, twofold yellow lines. The second part to the traffic struggle is the clog. There is a ton traveler traffic, which causes blockage, which again irritates local people. To take care of this issue the committee assembled an indirect at the passage of the vehicle leave. They have likewise made a few streets a single direction framework. The gathering have additionally presented a framework know as winnaits pass which implies just car’s with the pass are permitted in the region. Seating: Another contention that has caused clashes between local people and vacationer is that the visitors sit on dividers, which in the end debilitate and could cause them to disintegrate extra time (stones in a stone divider would extricate up and debilitate and would disintegrate). To take care of this issue the chamber have constructed seats in numerous regions to keep this from occurring. School Groups: The last clash that happens in Castleton is between traveler (essentially school gatherings) and local people. The school bunches come to Castleton and make a great deal of clamor, which irritates local people since they neighborhood inhabitants need to appreciate the tranquil condition. To take care of this issue the board send the instructors to the data place, which forestalls too many school bunches going ahead that day and furthermore cautions them about the local locations. The board have additionally set up signs notice visitors about local locations and advises the vacationer to keep the commotion level low The most effective method to refer to Facilities and Conflicts, Papers

Transitional Justice in Post-war Societies

Transitional Justice in Post-war Societies Presentation 462 What equity is, who it serves to and what structures it can take are the issues that have been testing scholars, legitimate and political researchers for a considerable length of time making them look for answers in strict standards, in the standard of law, or even in reasonableness itself (Ralws 1985). Sensibly, during the times of advances and extensive changes of social orders this undertaking by the by looks like progressively a Sisyphean one since what is reasonable and just in uncommon political conditions is resolved not from a glorified archimedean point, however from the transitional point itself (Teitel 2000, 224). Since each progress is a profoundly perplexing and generally unforeseen procedure, the demonstration of fitting a proper reaction to a severe past is impacted by various components, for example, influenced societys inheritance of unfairness, its lawful culture, and political conventions (Teitel 2000, 2019). By the by, not all researchers concede to this, however completely dismiss the significance of these and comparative variables, considering the transitional qualifier misdirecting since it recommends a modified and unsuitable lesser type of standard criminal equity (Olsen, Payne and Reiter 2010, 10). This separation point prompts and further shapes another principal banter encompassing transitional equity whether the mentalities toward equity are important or not, for example regardless of whether the reason for equity will be satisfied if the individuals who it should serve to don't see it reasonable. Perceiving a wide extent of political advances and critical contrasts among them, this paper endeavors to dissect the significance of how equity is seen in the networks rising up out of a savage clash. Such mind boggling condition overflow with perplexity, slants, silly reasoning and conduct without a doubt keeps us from arriving at spotless and perfect clarifications of the connection among equity and its discernments, and yet helps us to remember how indispensable this connection is to the fate of transitional equity including its possibilities for development. The principle contention of this paper is that transitional equity in post-war social orders will have restricted achievement and will undoubtedly make new complaints among influenced social orders on the off chance that they will in general see the practiced equity as unjustifiable. Nonetheless, we caution against the snare of repetition of any sort and call for additional exploration on the chance, just as the need of beating this innate shortcoming of transitional equity in post-war conditions. After setting up the hypothetical structure, the paper will investigate in which way extensively negative impression of transitional equity influence the accomplishment of its both retributive and remedial endeavors and add to existing grindings between influenced post-war networks. Supporting proof to proposed speculations will be looked for in the inheritance of International Criminal Tribunal for the previous Yugoslavia (ICTY). At long last, the third part will in a matter of seconds talk about the odds for accomplishing transitional equity that is broadly seen as reasonable by the social orders rising up out of wars. Comprehensive Approach to Transitional Justice 492 Investigating meanings of transitional equity, one can see two principle draws near (Olsen, Payne and Reiter 2010, 12; Kaspas 2008, Clark 2008), matching and resounding the pieces of the sentence we examine in this paper. Offering unique, once in a while contradicting structures and components of transitional equity, these methodologies contrast in the points they endeavor to accomplish, or if nothing else, in the request for their needs. A smaller, retributive way to deal with transitional equity intends to consider culprits independently responsible for their bad behaviors, to rebuff them, and in such way carry equity to casualties. The individuals who advocate for it are subsequently essentially worried about the decency of the prosecutorial types of equity (for example preliminaries) where decency is related with conventional legitimate principles (Moghalu 2011, 522-524) and they are very little intrigued by the manner in which equity is seen. Despite the fact that the name propo ses something else, the remedial way to deal with transitional equity is progressively forward-looking and it endeavors to bring equity by moving in the direction of another comprehensive society that tends to the principal needs of populace (Olsen, Payne and Reiter 2010, 12) through retributive, yet additionally by means of a wide scope of non-prosecutorial instruments (truth commissions, reparations, memorialization, and so forth.) Being worried about fixing mischief and building and recuperating social orders (Lederach 2001, 842), researchers and arrangement producers contending for this methodology are increasingly worried about the manner in which these social orders see transitional equity and will in general worth the equity which reestablishes network, as opposed to the equity which crushes it (Lambourne 2003, 24). In this paper we receive a fairly far reaching, comprehensive meaning of transitional equity offered by International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ): Transitional equity is a reaction to efficient or across the board infringement of human rights. It looks for acknowledgment for the people in question and to advance opportunities for harmony, compromise, and popular government. (ICTJ 2009, 1) Despite the fact that a few researchers contend that including both retributive and helpful endeavors weakens the thought of equity (Olsen, Payne and Reiter 2010, 12), we accept that this sort of definition is the most proper one for the accompanying examination for two reasons. To begin with, it doesn't reject or favor, yet envelops the points of both retributive and therapeutic endeavors, in this way giving a premise to an increasingly far reaching examination of the effect of equity discernments on the entirety of its points. Second, such an expansive definition is reasonable for breaking down the significance of how equity is seen in post-war conditions since despite the fact that it is never conceivable to rebuff every one of the individuals who carried out wrongdoings nor to perceive each one of the individuals who endured during the mass viciousness, the survivors the two casualties and culprits should locate their own particular manners to live respectively and to manage the practiced equity, be that in a helpful, oblivious or a damaging way. Since the point of this paper is to assess the effect of view of transitional equity on its capacity to fill its need, we will examine the points which remain behind helpful and retributive endeavors, however not different structures they can take. Retributive endeavors 624 Meaning to build up singular criminal responsibility and seeking after an optimistic objective of all inclusive legitimate decency, the retributive way to deal with transitional equity disregards the significance, if not the centrality of reasonableness recognitions and consequently imperils an imperfect objective of legalist equity discouraging future wrongdoings.[1] Nonetheless, the limit of transitional equity to forestall comparative offenses in post-strife social orders is to be sure affected by these social orders perspectives towards practiced equity. The foundation of individual criminal blame for culpable acts should moderate the hazardous culture of aggregate blame (Kritz 1999, 169) which compromises by its two similarly risky limits accusing all individuals from the contention bunches simply because of their gathering qualities or, then again, falling into if everybody is blameworthy, than nobody is liable snare. By rebuffing people who indicated to act for the sake of the entire ethnicity or country, retributive transitional equity endeavors are accepted to wicked dichotomist recognitions and skeptical generalizations which demonize whole networks and may prompt another round of brutality (Kaspas 2008, 62) and demonstrations of private vengeance. By the by, regardless of how effective preliminaries in the fallout of war may be, their unavoidable selectivity definitely makes an impression of inconsistent treatment and shamefulness among influenced networks therefore encouraging as opposed to upsetting their twisted gathering e xplicit originations and impression of equity (Weinstein and Stover 2006, 11) Hence, whenever influenced networks see the practiced equity as unjustifiable paying little mind to its lawful reasonableness, reality that preliminaries intended to set up will stay to be seen through focal points of cultural blame (Subotic 2011) and not just that trust among networks won't be reconstructed, yet more critically from the part of retributive equity their trust in the standard of law won't be reestablished. Thus, the stopping limit of transitional equity will be impressively subverted. In addition, generally saw as-unreasonable equity may boost new hover of private equity by reifying partitions and antagonistic mentalities which caused brutality in any case (Sriram 2007, 587). The purpose behind which the view of equity are especially significant in post-war changes, considerably more than in some other sort of progress, is on the grounds that these networks are regularly trapped in a security difficulty which will in general get heightened in the outcome of a war (Posen 1993, 36). In the event that transitional equity is seen as uncalled for, it will in all likelihood make new complaints and essentially regulate bunch explicit stories that influence social orders molded by their self-comprehension of wellsprings of compulsion and restraint in past (Teitel 2000, 224), therefore reassuring calls for correction and reviewing of apparent shameful acts. In this manner, the perspectives that post-war social orders receive about the practiced transitional equity can sabo tage its discouraging endeavors, however even flip around them. This, be that as it may, doesn't imply that broadly saw as-reasonable equity prompts outright achievement of retributive endeavors it isn't the situation even in standard conditions since individuals are not constantly discerning entertainers and have various impression of expenses and advantages, particularly when their indispensable advantages are in question. In any case, this implies discouragement ability of transitional equity is increasingly constrained in the event that it is viewed as unjustifiable, which is particularly risky in the changes from war to harmony, when

Informal interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Casual meeting - Essay Example What are the center abilities and aptitudes required by a person so as to be fruitful as the HR Director? What is your point of view of the HRD in an association? What are the ramifications of the significance of the job of HRD on the top administration in an association? Meeting synopsis The expert met was Mr. Ali Javaid. He has five years of experience as a human asset executive (HRD) in Sunshine Company. There is an entire scope of occupation obligations and duties relegated to Ali by his organization. As the HRD of the organization, Ali deals with the exercises to recruit the faculty, build up their abilities according to the necessities of the organization, persuades them utilizing various kinds of procedures, and guarantees that the exhibition of the workforce is up to the principles built up by the organization. Ali manages the procedure of enrollment including the turn of events and course of notification about the work openings, promoting, application screening, foundation o f the calendars of meeting, and reaching the intrigued competitors after the culmination of the procedure of enlistment. Ali accepts the accountability to circle and facilitate all data and documentation about the assessment of the representatives. He guarantees the consistence of the association with the acts of equivalent chance and work built up by the state (â€Å"Director of Human†). Ali normally grows new projects of worker direction. He directs the advantages and furnishes the representatives with data about retirement and work force benefits. Pay plans are kept up and refreshed by him. Ali has built up and keeps up an electronic arrangement of representative records that comprises of the employees’ application materials, licensure documentation, official transcripts, and archives. Ali readies a wide range of agreements and different records about pay and work. He likewise screens the get-aways and leaves of the workers. He additionally gets ready and conveys th e finance data. These are just not many of the obligations and duties performed by Ali in the organization as its HRD. The fundamental capabilities should have been fruitful as a HR Director incorporate exchange aptitudes, work information, qualified enlistment, compelling preparing, and the ability to impact others. Effective HR Directors have such relational abilities that empower them to convey in a manner that is a success win circumstance for the representatives and the organization. Every association has certain imperatives while workers have their own needs. HR Directors tune in to the worries of the representatives and assist them with comprehension the organization’s position and inclination to determine their issues. This requires great relational abilities which a HR Director must have so as to succeed. The HR Director should have far reaching work information (Heisler). He ought to have a firm comprehension of the activity obligations and duties alongside far reac hing information on the pertinent wellbeing guidelines, work laws, and state and government approaches. The center competency of enlistment implies that the HR Director limits the consumptions of the organization identified with the ad of occupation and the determination procedure. It additionally implies that the HR Director ought to be sufficiently qualified to set up a reasonable arrangement of ability assessment to choose the correct work force for the organization. The HR Director ought to know about the most recent turns of events and headways of innovation in order to utilize them for the preparation and aptitude improvement of the workers at the

Exam Analysis Essay Topics

Exam Analysis Essay TopicsWhen you write an analysis essay, you are making a choice about what sort of essay you will be writing. The essay is the statement that you will make, which is able to be read by the student on your examination or evaluation. This essay does not only talk about facts and figures but is also able to tell the story of the thinker.There are certain analysis essay topics that will be useful for you to choose. If you study well and are prepared, it will be easier for you to find the right essay topic. However, there are other essay topics that can also be very beneficial. You will know which of the two is the best if you have some experience with your essay topic and the essay.There are several common analysis essay topics that are used all over the world. These include the subjects of the culture, political, economic, and social aspects. These analysis topics will help you to present information and make the essay more readable.There are also many analysis essay topics that deal with the analysis of the mind, such as the analysis of personalities, politics, etc. These will help you analyze the factors and determine their effects on the structure of the society. On the other hand, the analysis of the concepts, beliefs, and theories will also be included in these analysis essay topics.Another one of the good analysis essay topics is to analyze the events, this essay includes the past and the present of the society. This essay will let you put forward your point of view and analyze the situation in the society. A good essay can be of great benefit to you in all the exam you will take.Another analysis essay topics that can be useful is the analysis of the diversity of the people and cultures. This essay is able to analyze the differences among the people, where some people are able to make changes and to learn new things, while others fail to meet the challenges. In other words, these essays are able to analyze the major differences between th e cultures.You will have to focus on finding the best essay topics. You need to find the essay topics that will make your essay meaningful, informative, and interesting. There are many great essays out there and these should make your analysis essay worth the work. If you want your essay to be the best, then there are ways you can do this.You can write multiple essays as well. This will allow you to add different kinds of essay topics and this will make your essay more worth. There are many resources online that will allow you to find more essay topics to work with. You can find these resources by doing research and looking through websites that specialize in this topic.

Alexander The Greats Contributions To His Empire - Free Essay Example

Great leaders often leave a lasting impression. Some even speak profoundly. For example, Alexander of Macedonia stated,I had rather excel others in the knowledge of what is excellent, than in the extent of my power and dominion (Alexander the Great Quotes). He was a famous king who did not fear anyone or anything; he was very powerful and had one of the biggest empires in history. By conquering Persia and Egypt, Alexander the Great had a positive effect on his empire through the development of Hellenistic culture. This culture served as an age of improvement that developed many mathematical, scientific, and medical ideas. Before becoming a king and conquering other areas, Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E in Macedonia . Alexander the Great was born into a royal family. His parents were Philip II and Olympias (Alexander, Britannica). Born into a royal family, he was motivated to become the great king because of his upbringing. Coming from a royal family, he acquired a better education than others. In fact, Leonidas, a relative of this mother,strained him in math. Additionally, he received philosophical training from Aristotle (Alexander, Encyclopedia). From this education and his family, he acquired the knowledge to become a powerful conqueror. When Alexander became king and started his journey conquering, he began with Persia. Alexander the Great wanted to fulfill his fathers dreams of taking over Persia (Nardo). Without his fathers idea of taking over Persia, he would have never had the thought of conquering Persia during his time as a king. Alexander pushed towards Persia, but the people tried to stop Alexander and his army from taking over their empire (Alexander, Britannica). The people of Persia looked weak against his army and the strategic plans of action he had. This demonstrates how well educated he was and how his parents raised him. Then he started to push towards the capital of Persia but, the king of Persia, Darius, stopped him (Nardo). Darius fell quickly to Alexanders army and his strategic plans (Alexander, Encyclopedia). Clearly, Alexander the Great was capable of defeating more powerful people other than the commoners of that empire. Specifically, after Alexander won the battle, Darius fled in fear (Alexa nder, Britannica). Alexander, still pushing forward, found Darius, and killed him (Alexander, Encyclopedia). Now, he has made it to the capital of Persia, Babylon, and took over without a fight. Finally, after eight years he conquered Persia which increased the size of his empire and demonstrated to others how successful he is. During his conquest to Persia, he passed through Egypt and saw how weak they were. Once he arrived in Egypt, the Egyptians hailed him like a god (Alexander, Britannica). Since he was already getting treatment like a god, it was obvious he was liked by the Egyptians. The native priests recognized him as their pharaoh (Nardo). During this time, the people of Egypt called Alexander their pharaoh which demonstrates his level of power he had while he was alive. Alexander stayed in Egypt to help organize their army and hired Egyptian governors (Alexander, Britannica). Then, he built the city Alexandria, which became the center of Hellenistic culture. Along with building a city, Alexander the Great also created the Hellenistic culture. Hellenistic culture is a blend of four different cultures which included, Greek, Indian, Persian, and Egyptian (Alexander, Encyclopedia). The reason for so many different cultures was because Alexander the Great conquered all of these places. This age led to many discoveries and advances in math, science, and medicine (Ellis and Esler 150). With the discovery of this popular culture, it demonstrates Alexanders ability to not only conquer but create. Archimedes is a famous scientist who created the Archimedes Screw (Ellis and Esler 151). The Archimedes screw had one sole purpose when it was created during the Hellenistic culture. Its purpose was to lift water to higher levels for irrigation (Ellis and Esler 151). During this time period in the Hellenistic culture, a new theory was created. An astronomer named Aristarchus argued that the Earth orbited the Sun and that the Earth rotated on an axis (Ell is and Esler 151). This theory he made was called the heliocentric theory. One doctor named Hippocrates studied the cause of illnesses and how to cure them (Ellis and Esler 151). His studies helped many doctors and scientists to see where the illnesses came from and how to cure them. Alexander the Great had several achievements during his lifetime. He was a smart and powerful man who was able to conquer many empires and discover a new culture along the way. His empire stretched from Greece to India. His Hellenistic culture spread Greek ideas throughout these empires and combined them with that of his conquered lands. Hellenistic culture made many improvements in the areas of math, science and medicine. Alexander the Greats contributions to his empire continue to influence the world today.

Graduation Speech High School - 1457 Words

Many students enter high school with a pessimistic mindset that is on the verge of rupturing in a total disaster. Fortunately, I was not one of those students. Ironically, I was just the opposite. I entered the walls of high school with much more than a faint feeling of trepidation. I entered, rather, with an indefinable desire to seek opportunities beyond the basics of what I was already capable of doing. The huge new school was both frightening and exciting for a 13 year old girl who was ready to make an impact on the world. That same 13 year old girl is now beyond the fears, beyond the anxiety, and beyond the anticipation. She has now surpassed 3 years of high school and is one step closer to achieving her dreams. Once I reached high school, the challenging educational opportunities that were kept at a minimum in previous schools, were suddenly awaiting me and fueling my passion to better myself. I took advantage of an honors math class my freshmen year due to my immense passion f or the subject, but as I advanced up to a higher grade, my mindset advanced as well. My 9th grade english teacher inspired me to not only become a better writer, but also convinced me to push myself beyond my expectations. Once I had reached my junior year, I took one of the greatest educational opportunities I could have ever imagined. It was a class that brilliantly combined AP English with AP United States History into one class, and for this reason, it was considered one of the hardestShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School934 Words   |  4 Pageslife would be graduation. For many people, graduating from high school is an objective. It takes a lot of time, effort, and determination to accomplish that goal. For others graduation is the end of high school, and the beginning of a new chapter in life. When graduated people feel as if adulthood has begun. In the long run, graduating opens a lot of opportunities for people to thrive. I can almost reminisce the day as if it was yesterday. I was sitting in bed like any other school day. It seemedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a report from Thomas Nelson Community College website, 15.7 percent is the graduation rate in 2010. 84 percent of students failed to receive their degree. That’s beyond sad. College can be difficulty especially with everyday life is getting harder to main family life work and financials. Because college is challenging, I know that I have issues that I must overcome. I told myself the more patient s I have the better success I will have. Although college will be difficult my goal isRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages The day I graduated from high school The High school graduation day is a life full of journeys for everyone, high school life is a memorable time for most people, for me as well. High school can be filled with lots of good memories for some people and it could be filled with bad memories, for me it was both I had good times and I had bad times. The High school Graduation day should definitely be the best day of your life because that means no more high school, no more having to wake up at 6Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university to attend it may be tempting to want to go to a school thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation1507 Words   |  7 PagesForest English 1010 9/9/2014 Graduation During our lives, most of us have hated getting up early. Whether we as humans enjoy mornings or not, we’re always looking forward to that unforgettable day. That special is high school graduation for me. Graduation is a ceremony that recognizes students that have excelled through school. Graduation was one of the best days of my life, perhaps even better than the day that I started college. There is no other day like graduation where there comes this feelingRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation933 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Graduation With regards to high school graduation, Balfanz, Herzog, and Iver (2007) followed 12,972 Philadelphia students enrolled in traditional middle schools from six grade (1996-1997) until 1 year beyond their expected graduation from high school (2003-2004) in order to understand what indicators would affect their projected graduation date. Unlike many of the early K-8 schools, the population Balfanz et al followed consisted of 64% African American, 19% White, 12% Hispanic,Read MoreGraduation Speech On High School Graduation851 Words   |  4 PagesThere Is No Success Without The Opportunity to Fail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time when they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university they would like toRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School997 Words   |  4 Pagesup, I loved going to school and dreamed of one day attending college. Attending school every day and receiving good grades had become my top priority from K-12. I excelled from K-8th grade, but entering into high school was completely different than primary school. The atmosphere and environment was new to me, I was free to roam the halls or walk back out the door without any repercussions. This began my downward spiral in high school. My freshman year was by far the best school year for me becauseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School897 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school was one of the most challenging moments in my life. Not only did I have to deal with the academic pressures and social issues from my peers I had external factors that were heavily impacting me as well. During my junior year my mom separated from her husband and me and my three little brothe rs ended up staying house to house with close relatives. Shortly after that time at the beginning of my senior year, my mom was sent to prison. In the midst of dealing with all of the demands thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was in high school I had one goal, I would graduate top of my class and go to the University of Florida for pre-medicine, then onto their medical school. I never considered that I would want anything else, so I went to a specialty high school that would allow me to specialize in Biomedical sciences(STEM) and never even thought about the possibility of a life other than the one I had so precisely planned out for myself. When my nephews were born my sophomore year all of my priorities changed

Xenia And Odyssey - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 932 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Odyssey Essay Did you like this example? Essay on the Odyssey The Odyssey begins in medias res (in the middle of things). This epic tells the story of one man’s voyage home despite a series of antagonists that make the journey incredibly long and grueling for the hero, Odysseus. Some of these antagonists include Greek gods, mythical creatures, and even a slothful crew. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Xenia And Odyssey" essay for you Create order The story also observes the impact that Odysseus’s absence has on his wife, Penelope, and his growing son, Telemachos. Despite the different points of view in the epic, one important theme is explored throughout both plots, xenia. This Grecian concept, roughly translated as â€Å"a formal friendship,† carries a significant amount of weight within the epic. Xenia is a concept similar to hospitality, placing an obligation on both the host and the guest to create a strong relationship based on cultural respect for one another. However, it was based on a set of rules and customs that was much more than simply being gracious and considerate in one’s home. Disrespecting xenia is what is said to have begun the Trojan War, clearly establishing the importance of this model. The function of xenia assists the development of the plot in both positive and negative ways. Some positive examples of respecting xenia include Telemachos’s stay in Sparta and Odysseusâ€℠¢s stay with Nausicaà ¤. Consequences of disrespecting xenia within the Odyssey are shown first when Odysseus encounters Polyphemus and upon his return home when he confronts Penelope’s suitors. Another prominent example of xenia is seen in book 6 when Odysseus comes upon Nausicaà ¤. Odysseus had become shipwrecked and sought shelter in a bush. He awoke when he heard Nausicaà ¤ and her handmaids screaming while playing with a ball they had inadvertently kicked into a nearby river. Odysseus, dirty, naked, and covered with nothing but an olive branch, approached the women. All of the handmaids ran from the hideous man â€Å"besmirched with brine† except Nausicaà ¤, who remembered her obligations to xenia (Odyssey, 6:127). As Odysseus recalled how he ended up in such a predicament, Nausicaà ¤ began taking pity on the stranger and offered him what she could saying, â€Å"Because you have come to our land and city, you shall not lack clothing nor anything else appropriate to a suppliant who has suffered a long time and then come our way† (Odyssey, 6:181-183). She then called back her handmaids to help care for the stranger reminding them that â€Å"all stranger s and beggars are from Zeus, and a small gift is a dear one† (Odyssey, 6:195-196). After imploring her handmaids to help, they then took Odysseus to the river and bathed him. Nausicaà ¤ provided him with clean clothing and offered him food and drink. These are all examples of good xenia to a stranger, even one in as poor a condition as Odysseus was when they found him. She ensured he was cared for and even offered a parting gift by helping him approach her parents and win them over, so he would have a better chance of receiving the knowledge and tools he needed to return home. However, when xenia is not respected it leads to negative consequences. Such is the case of Odysseus’s encounter with the cyclops Polyphemus. This episode establishes the consequences that come with the failing of xenia and can be weighed against the previous examples of providing said hospitality. When Zeus sends a storm to Odysseus and his crew, they end up sailing into the â€Å"land of the arrogant and lawless Cyclopes† (Odyssey, 9:98). As they search for food and shelter Odysseus explains to his men that the inhabitants of the island â€Å"do not have assemblies where they discuss policies, nor do they establish rules †¦ nor do they care about one another† (Odyssey, 9:103-106). When the men come across a cave full of cheese, sheep, whey and milk, they implore Odysseus to get what they need and leave, but he refused, saying the dweller of the cave may have gifts for them, as laid out in the principles of xenia. The encounter began as proper xenia should as Polyphemus questions the men. In order to adhere to xenia, one must create a relationship by learning the identities of said guests. Polyphemus asks the men â€Å"Strangers! Now who are you? From where do you sail the watery paths?† (Odyssey, 9:235-236). Odysseus answers honestly and describes their treacherous journey through Zeus’s storms. Upon realizing Polyphemus would not know the customs of xenia, Odysseus tells the cyclops, â€Å"We come to you on our knees, as suppliants, in the hopes ha you might give us a gift-token or some other present, as is the custom among strangers,† therefore presenting the cyclops with the opportunity to provide them with basic necessities, an element of hospitality that is tradition in this culture (Odyssey, 9:248-250). In spite of this honesty, Polyphemus refuses to accept this and begins to suddenly devour Odysseus’s crew. He proceeds to move a large rock and trap the men in the cave, promising Odysseus the gift-token of eating him last. These acts completely disrespect the concept of xenia. By allowing Odysseus to realize he no longer had the obligation to follow this practice, he was able to trick Polyphemus and escape the cave. One of the most obvious examples of bad xenia in the Odyssey is the treatment of Odysseus’ family, and Odysseus himself, by the suitors who have come seeking Penelope’s hand in marriage. This episode shows how not following the practices of xenia can lead to extreme consequences and how without an obligation to be hospitable, one instead is allowed to become hostile.

my motivation statement Essay - 2000 Words

My Personal Development Goals Please read the narrative and fill in the yellow boxes! My Name:felisha brown I wish to be successful in college, my career, and my personal life. I started at DeVry with the intention of doing well in my classes, learning essent my program, and attaining appropriate employment. These are my overall goals. To achieve those goals, I need to make positive changes to imp skills, and so on. In COLL148, I completed numerous self-assessments, examined my prior experiences, consulted with others, and considered my identified the following areas in which I want to make positive changes to promote my personal success. Based on my COLL148 assessments and reflections, the four success skill areas I most want†¦show more content†¦Statement of Intent: I agree to start working on my SMART goals today so I can be successful with my larger goa Signature 12/5/2013 Date Felisha brown My Personal Development Goals Please read the narrative and fill in the yellow boxes! reer, and my personal life. I started at DeVry with the intention of doing well in my classes, learning essential skills and information, completing employment. These are my overall goals. To achieve those goals, I need to make positive changes to improve in my habits, attitudes, learning ted numerous self-assessments, examined my prior experiences, consulted with others, and considered my own future. As a result, I have I want to make positive changes to promote my personal success. d reflections, the four success skill areas I most want to improve on beginning now include: background: how weakness in these skill areas may have gotten in the way of my success in the past, my related assessment results that helped motivation to improve in each area. one of my weakest links every since I can remember reading. I have found out why. It has been that way because I was never interested in what I hen I took college classes in 2004 I guess because I thought I was taking classes that didnt pertain to my major. After taking this class i have really ading even when it is not for my class. Now i read with the mindset that i can retain this info for later use even if it is to help someone else along eShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : My Motivation1188 Words   |  5 Pagesconstant motivation. 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Coming from a household where I was neglected I felt a sense to prove myself. I was self-motivated to prove myself to my family and thoseRead MorePersonal Vision Statement : My Vision751 Words   |  4 PagesVision Statement Introduction I am writing this statement as a declaration of my personal vision. It will serve as a guide to help ensure that my actions are corresponding to what I envision. This personal vision statement is designed to help facilitate my purpose, unforeseen obstacles, and how to manage theses obstacles. A great deal of thought has gone into constructing this vision statement and I hope that within time these endeavors fill me with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. My VisionRead MoreCareer And Career Careers : Career I Most Like For Me Are, Management Accountant And Elementary Teacher981 Words   |  4 Pagesfinancial operating statements and posting journal entries to the general ledger providing general support to other areas of the accounting bookkeeping department researching and preparing management reports Evaluating subsidiary journals for errors and omissions and entering corrected date into the general ledger Reviewing the monthly balance sheet and profit and loss (PL) statement Preparing state tax reports Reconciling daily cash flow statements to monthly bankRead MoreThe Impact Of Expectancy Theory On The Individual Values1649 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A job will only be motivating if it leads to rewards that the individual values†, before considering the statement it is first important to understand motivation. Motivation is a broad, decision-making concept in which behaviour can be commenced and conducted, by a desire for fulfilment (Huczynski and Buchanan, 1991). Having a motivated workforce is vital for a firm’s productivity and growth, however how best to motivate employees is subject to much debate, with many theories providing conflictingRead MoreManagement Position Of A Nonprofit Organization1159 Words   |  5 Pagesgoals in accordance with the mission statement. Drucker states, â€Å"a mission statement has to be operational, otherwise it’s just good intentions† (Drucker, Chapter 1). The primary focus of the mission statement is to carry out wh at the organization really wants to do. My task is to try and convert this mission statement into specifics so that the company stays in line with its mission statement for desired results. Drucker believes that every mission statement must include three things: opportunitiesRead MoreA Pattern Based Discourse Analysis1447 Words   |  6 PagesResults In the transcript I have identified a pattern based Discourse Analysis, as the participant’s narrative begins with more general/health related motivations for exercise based on the first theme, ‘The Way we Were’. However, as the interview continues, a pattern of more personal motivations become apparent; and from them a dualistic internal discourse develops around the ‘Self-empowerment or Path to Burnout?’ theme. From it emerges a secondary narrative, in which the participant cites bothRead MoreEssay On Health Care Development1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthey have suffered from an acute illness. My unit will be focused on how to support recovery to the patient’s best possible health status promoting seniors’ opportunities to return to their home after an acute hospitalization. I believe that this development design framework will be a successful planning template for creating medical step down unit. The first section of this paper discuss es the description of the proposed unit including a mission statement, prioritized values, and an organizationalRead MoreMotivation And Its Impact On Performance860 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation and its Impact on Performance Tony Mcalphin, Student Eastern Florida State College A persons’ performance is dependent on their willingness to accomplish a goal. There are different aspects that make up motivation and performance. In this paper, we will learn what defines both motivation and performance, and how they affect each other. What is Motivation? A person’s motivation is what drives them to set a goal and accomplish it. Merriam-Webster(2013) describes motivation as, â€Å"the generalRead MoreArticle Review - ‚Äà ºHow Motivation Affects Learning and Behaviour‚Äà ¹ by J.E. Ormrod822 Words   |  4 PagesArticle Review - â€Å"How Motivation Affects Learning and Behaviour† by J.E. Ormrod This article reveals six effects of motivation towards Learning and Behaviour. To begin with, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations are introduced as two major motivations that drive a person in their actions. When I bumped onto this article, I thought all points in this article are prior knowledge of everybody in education field. Until I found other articles that made my eyes opened and starting to disagree. The contradiction

Born of Man and Woman free essay sample

The author of the story under discussion is Richard Matheson, an American author and screenwriter, primarily in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres. â€Å"Born of Man and Woman†, a 1950 short story by Richard Matheson, is about a young child, born an ugly creature, who is kept chained in the basement by its parents and frequently beaten. The key of the story is horrific, since the author depicts terrifying and chilling scenes of the child`s miserable life, the hatred and cruelty of adults and the tragedy of a little boy. The story is written in the form of a diary of the main protagonist, a young boy, who is outcasted by a man and a woman who gave him a birth. The author uses indirect methods of characterization through his parent`s description: â€Å"you retch she said†, â€Å"Mother so pretty and me decent enough. Look at you he said and didnt have the nice face†. We will write a custom essay sample on Born of Man and Woman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being beaten by his parents, the boy excretes green liquid: I spilled some of the drip on the floor from one arm. It was not nice. It made ugly green on the floor, thus we find out that he is not quite s human creature, the facts that he has got more than one pair of legs and can run on the walls maintain this idea: I will screech and laugh loud. I will run on the walls. Last I will hang head down by all my legs and laugh and drip green all over until they are sorry they didnt be nice to me and My legs slip on them because I dont walk on stairs. My feet stick to the wood. The abrupt and broken sentences enlarge the characteristics of the protagonist, for example, such metaphors and similes: water falling from upstairs, the ground it sucked up the water like thirsty lips. It drank too much and it got sick and runny brown (about the rain) as well as the metaphors: goldness in the upstairs (about the sun), little mother and little father (about children), The big machine swallows them and rolls out past and is gone (about the bus) reveal the fact that the boy is uneducated and undeveloped, but in spite of this he remains curious. He is able to pull his chain out of the wall and is able to observe what happens outside, in the real world, through a little basement window. Being a child though, he needs love and to be loved. Notwithstanding the hatred of his parents he still loves them and such sentences manifest to this idea: Mother is a pretty I know, Mother so pretty, he likes laugh and wants to play with other children: I like to know why there are laughs for†¦. I hear the laughing some more. I talk to the sound and look through to the people. †¦ I thought I should laugh with them and later: I heard little laughs very high. I looked out the window. I saw all little people like the little mother and little fathers too. They are pretty. These facts reveal that protagonist, despite his physical ugliness and abnormality, is still a human being, with all its needs and emotions. But any creature, being treated awfully and cruelly, becomes violent and fierce itself. Thus the horrible culmination of the story comes then the child relates an incident where his young sister (which he refers to as a â€Å"little mother†) comes to see him in the basement with her pet. When the pet smells him and attacks him, he crushes it to death. The last diary entry takes place after a beating from his father. As the child is going over the events in his mind, we learn that he knocked the stick from his father’s hand and made some noises. Then, he begins to ponder over some tactics to use if his parents do not treat him better in the future.

Interpersonal Management and Communication

Question: Discuss about the Interpersonal Management and Communication. Answer: Introduction: Interpersonal communication also known as face-to-face communication is defined as the process through which people exchange their ideas, feelings, meaning and information through either verbal or non-verbal messages. It not only means the actual words/ message being said but also the language, tonal variation, facial expressions, body language and gestures used between the sender and the receipt. Some key elements of interpersonal communication that have been identified are a) the communicators; b) the message; c) noise; d) feedback; e) the channel; and f) the context (Baker, 2013). At the workplaces, it is important to provide feedback in a constructive and an effective manner without being offensive or causing confusions. Under interpersonal communication skills, effective feedback should be heard clearly, understood, and accepted. There are several ways in which the communicator can use to ensure the effectiveness of the feedback provided. One, the feedback provided should focus on behavior and not personality (De Janasz, et al., 2014). Two, the feedback should communicate how the message has affected you. Three, the feedback ought to be specifically focussed on the original message which it intends to respond to. Four, the feedback ought to be timely: the response becomes irrelevant as time passes by. And lastly, the feedback should pick a moment when the communicator is ready for it (Sommer, 2012. Conversely, the recipient of the feedback should be a good listener. He/ she should just listen attentively and stop thinking about the reply. He/ she should conc entrate on the non-verbal elements as well (Beebe, et al., 2014). The application of interpersonal communication is important to the organizations, especially when relating to the employees. First, it helps in giving and collecting information. Second, it helps in maintaining and forming relationship with and among the workers. Third, helps in expressing personal needs as well as in understanding each other (Baker, 2013). Fourth, contribute to solving problems and making decisions. And, lastly, interpersonal communication skills assists in regulating power (Sommer, 2012). References Baker, A., 2013. Feedback and organizations: Feedback is good, feedback-friendly culture is better. Canadian Psychology, 54(4), pp. 260-268. Beebe, S., Beebe, S. Redmond, M., 2014. Interpersonal Communication: relating to others. 7th Edition ed. Boston: Allyn Bacon. De Janasz, S., Crossman, J., Campbell, N. Power, M., 2014. Interpersonal skills in organizations. 2nd ed. North Ryde, NSW: Mc-Graw-Hill Education. Sommer, K. L., 2012. Does constructive performance feedback improve citizenship intentions and job satisfaction? The roles of perceived opportunities for advancement, respect, and mood. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(2), pp. 177-201.

The International Arms Trade

Introduction Politics and economics have become interlinked in the recent times to an extent that It has become difficult to identify which between them has more weight especially when put in the perspectives of international trade and relations. How countries interact and inter-relate has ability to influence the trade patterns, decisions and prospect both in domestic and international arena.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The International Arms Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One international aspect that has characterized nation’s bilateral trade relations has to do with military arms. Key suppliers of military arms especially from developed nations to developing nations have established trade relations based on military arms in that, all economic aspects and principles are fully in operation and any form of destabilization has the capability of affecting both the domestic and international trade of the involved countries. However, how does the effect of either stability or instability of international arms trade between different countries able to affect the domestic market environment in terms of exchange rates, interest rates, trading volume or composition, exports, imports, travel, government revenue, or impacts on specific industries. At the same time, what is evident is that some countries specifically the chief suppliers have consistently participated in providing assistance to efforts by domestic exporters of arms especially with regard to increasing competition in the international arms market. Therefore, this paper will investigate, analyze, and recommend on the recent threats of China to institute trade embargos on American exports to the country because of America selling military arms to Taiwan. The essence will be to find out how such trade embargos can affect the domestic market, arms industry and even trade volume of the country into China’s mar ket. Political-economic relation of international arms trade International trade of arms increased especially after the Second World War and reached climax in 1982. During the Cold war, numerous efforts by nations saw arms trade go up but the opposite of this was to be experienced in post-Cold War era as decline in arms trade was great. Arms trade decline ebbed in 2002 but starting from 2005-2009, the world again experienced one of the biggest arms trade between the major suppliers and their consumers chiefly in developing countries[1]. International arms trade continues to be dominated by five chief suppliers, who again happen to be the permanent members of Security Council. They include USA, the former Soviet Union, France, United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany[2].Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Today, USA has become the major and leading arms suppl ier in the world where its trade accounts for almost 30 per cent of all arms trade in the world, followed by Russia at 23 per cent, Germany 11 per cent, France 8 per cent and United Kingdom at 4 per cent which when totaled comes to 76per cent of all world’s arms trade[3]. Developing a political-economic model of USA bilateral trade, Rebecca in 1989 noted that there exists an interrelationship between politics and economics and that numerous factors exist, which affect the bilateral trade flows between countries[4]. According to the author, the profound interrelationship between politics and economics was widely evident in international relations where it was clear that some countries adopt certain and specific international strategic and diplomatic interest which in turn had the capacity to affect their international economic policy. For instance, when a country initiates certain sanctions, this aspect of international politics has the ability to affect international trade po licy[5]. In accordance to this, one question postulated by Frey in 1984 continue to perplex if not to guide the international economists, the author noted then that, â€Å"are international political considerations transient and random in nature whereby they are able to affect international economics and can they be ignored when compared to long-run market factors?†[6]. USA as the biggest world’s arms supplier By the year 2009, USA total arms trade was estimated to be $166.278 for both the developing and industrialized markets and when compared with other key suppliers, USA was seen to account for almost 40per cent[7]. The developing countries remain to be one of the best arms market for USA and even with the pangs of recession countries such as China, Saudi Arabia, Middle East and India have remained as the biggest consumers of arms from USA[8]. In terms of arms that are sold by USA to its partners, different items are transacted such as â€Å"tanks and self-propelle d guns, artillery, armored personnel carriers and armored cars, major surface combatants, minor surface combatants, submarines, guided missile patrol boats, supersonic combat aircraft, subsonic combat aircraft, other aircraft, helicopters, surface-to-surface missiles, and anti-ship missiles†[9]. When analysis of trade reports from arms is made, it becomes clear that the five chief suppliers of arms accrue more income from the arms sales to developing or third world countries than they are able to give in aid[10].Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The International Arms Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For a long time, the arms industry unlike other convectional industries has operated without regulation making a lucrative business for the chief suppliers. Since the domestic market has less demand for the manufactured arms there are always constant efforts of searching for new markets elsewhere as more arms corporations and contractors become more involved in order to stay relevant in the industry. Further, these arms corporation are always involved in seeking government subsidies in order to make their trade more profitable. Such a case can be cited from USA and other European corporations, which in the recent past have been awarded enormous tax breaks by their respective countries, and of interest is the fact that they even lend money to developing countries in order for the countries to purchase arms from them hence leading to subsidies of arms sales[11]. According to Holtom and Bromley, USA since 2001 has accelerated its foreign military aid specifically to its allies in regions perceived to be of great tension and conflict. And as a gesture to continue with Bush’s administration policy on international arms trade, Obama’s administration has in the recent time increased its foreign military financing to its key Middle East ally, Israel which has been estimat ed to reach $3 billion by the year 2012[12]. Graph showing USA’s arms and equipment sales from 1996 to 2006[13] Source: Washington Office on Latin America 2009. The role of arms trade in mainstream economy Nations that have been involved in arms trade cite different reasons for their activities. Although many have cited increasing security instability as the motive issue, what is evident is that most of these trades are being motivated by economic factors. For instance, supplier countries have continued to experience economic growth as a result of arms trade. Sale of arms generates revenue and in some instances offset the cost of imports to rectify the trade imbalances being experienced of a particular country. Furthermore, arms trade involves private investors who largely are motivated by profit both in national and international business deals[14]. Sale of arms to foreign markets has also been motivated by the fact that such sales are able to support producers especially w hen their domestic market reduces.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More so, the sale of arms involves employees normally located and based at the prime defense contractors together with laborers at second and third-tier contractors who assume the role of supplying the major contractors with vital sub-components[15]. Especially in USA, elected representatives from some of the communities that benefit from arms sales and transacting activities have been at forefront in supporting and pushing for foreign arms sales in order for their constituencies or regions to continue benefiting. In terms of providing connectivity, international arms trade has promoted this kind of relationship between the seller and buyer providing a chance for inter-operability that benefits other businesses between the two countries[16]. Lastly, international arms trade makes it possible for production lines to remain open and operating even in circumstances of decline in domestic market. USA’s Value of arms exported between 1992 and 2000[17] Source: THE U.S. DEFENSE IND USTRY AND ARMS SALES. (http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297a/U.S.%20Defense%20Industry%20and%20Arms%20Sales.htm). USA historical economic role of international arms trade USA as its history has maintained and pursued its security assistance program that has been critical in promoting USA’s foreign policy and national security interests[18]. During the Cold War, USA arms industry realized tremendous growth as anticipation of potential war loomed. However, with the end of Cold War USA military experienced a major downsizing until 1991 when Gulf War presented another opportunity for the military arms industry to flourish. Again, history was to repeat itself after the conclusion of Gulf War with subsequent downsizing taking place, this round at an alarming rate of 25 per cent rate[19]. The reduction also caused ripples among the defense contractors and other government officials as contractors profits reduced due to fallen government procurements. Faced with no reduced procurements from the government and little investment in the industry, military arms investors were faced with only two options: to seek new markets or close down their facilities. The later case proved to be a lethal decision to security of the country especially in long-term due to its associative negative impacts. Therefore, a succinct question asked is, how has the USA economy been linked to arms trade especially in foreign countries? Christopher Akins notes that in the absence of defense exports, the USA leadership in the international aerospace industry would be seriously compromised[20]. The author observes the importance of the aerospace exports to USA economy which he ascertain that during 1997 it accounted for almost $50 billion and which in turn contributed to reduction of USA trade deficit by 18 per cent[21]. Accordingly, if the aerospace exports were absent, then the country would have realized a deficit accumulation of about $214 billion in the year 1997[22]. Hence, according to the author, UISA cannot afford or accept foreign competition to usurp its leading role in the aerospace industry since aerospace companies offered competitive edge in the global industry for USA[23]. During the 1996, RAND National Defense Research Institute carried out a research, which indicated that foreign military sales (FMS) created 300,000 jobs in the whole of USA, and 67 per cent of these jobs were as a result of direct involvement in international arms trade while 37 per cent accounted for indirect jobs[24]. Although the layoffs in such industry would pose insignificant effect to the overall national economy, the evidence and facts are that such layoffs would have significant impact on the local economy that heavily depends on defense industry. The consequences of closing down critical defense production lines, research has sworn that it adversely affects the local economy in many ways. For instances studies shows that layoffs generally remain unemployed for a relative longe r period as compared to workers in other production lines[25]. Such high unemployment rates in turn results into stagnation of the local economy. Further, when a major defense production line shuts down, multiplier effect comes into force, as dependent industries become affected[26]. When workers are laid off, they reduce their consumption of goods and services or relocate to other areas thereby affecting industries within the area of the closed military line. Current event involving international arms trade: USA sale of arms to Taiwan angers China prompting it to ‘threatens’ trade sanctions against USA firms. On 30 January 2010, USA and China engaged in one fierce politico-economy quarry after USA made it reality its earlier intention to sell arms to Taiwan[27]. Writing about the relationship between the two countries, Emmanuel, observed that, †USA and China squabbles are legion: unbalanced trade; the renminbi’s value; the internet; human rights; Tibet; fr eedom of speech; the environment; global warming; and coddling of despotic regimes†[28]. China has regarded its relation with Taiwan an ‘internal issue’ that does not need external involvement. Therefore when the news came in about USA sale of arms to Taiwan China immediately announced that it would henceforth postpone and suspend the current bilateral military programs and even security talks with USA[29]. As to further detail, its punishment measures China also indicated that it would punish ‘certain’ USA companies as a direct response to the actions by the American government to sell sophisticated and advanced weapons to Taiwan. The punishment for the USA industries was to involve imposition of sanctions on the identified companies as a result of, â€Å"incurred severe damage to USA-China Relations†[30]. China went ahead to claim that USA’s decision, â€Å"constitutes a gross intervention into China’s internal affairs, serious ly endangers China’s national security and also harms China’s peaceful reunifications efforts†[31]. China noted that USA was still ambitious to promote and implement Bush’s policy of arms sales to Taiwan while at the same time fostering trade protectionism measures against China. One company to suffer the China’s wrath and furry was Boeing which alongside United Technologies, Lockheed Martin together with Martin was identified to have participated in the sale of military weapons to Taiwan[32]. The company is an aerospace company that operates from its base in Chicago and as a result of China threats of trade sanctions; it became inevitable that Boeing would incur massive loss[33]. Boeing continues to be the major exporter into China’s market supplying almost half of the airline system equipment in China. Analysis: what likely impacts can result from China’s threat? Professor Wu Xinbo was one scholar who captures the UA-China political- cum-economic melee when he observed that this time round China could live up to its threat since it was the government issuing the statement[34]. First, Xinbo observed that Boeing Company apart from selling weapons to Taiwan had massive commercial interests in the China’s market which if sabotaged would have adverse effects both to the company and to the government of China[35]. By sanctioning the company, China would be risking its efforts to recover from the pangs of global recession and that it would be putting its ten of thousands citizens employed by Boeing at economic risk[36]. Since most Chinese market have discriminated USA companies from operating in the domestic market, may be Boeing with success story in China’s market could act as a politico—economy retaliatory ground for China to ‘punish’ USA, but again China would have to weigh the impacts of such actions on its overall economy. Analyzing the same sale of weapons to Taiwan, Canrong and Chunling, observe that USA apart from pursuing its foreign policy and spicing up its regular frost relationship with Beijing, USA would seem to have been motivated by economic reasons the pact brought. The author notes that, â€Å"the larger order provided by Taiwan is attractive to the United States in the context of the global financial crisis†[37]. However, even with this argument the author is at the same time able to dispute such motivation claiming that compared to China, Taiwan constitute a negligent market, which cannot arouse any international desire by a country such as USA[38]. The effect of decline of USA foreign military sales on domestic economy Threats by China to sanctions USA Company would in effect have adverse effects on the domestic economy as far as foreign military trade is concerned. First, USA FMS program affect and impact heavily on USA domestic economy and this is evident in production, employment, price and so on. FMS in essence represent demand by foreign countries for products produced in the USA and for services supplied by US companies[39] and therefore the program represent a component of the total USA exports of goods and services. When demands for gods and services increase companies involved in producing the products or services will respond by increasing their output and as usual, this will require additional workers. Further, the companies will need to increase the need for raw materials from the suppliers and again the suppliers respond by increasing the output[40]. The numerous increases will move through the economy resulting into various kinds of ‘multiplier’ effects on employment, personal income, corporate profits and many more[41]. In addition to these other things to be witnessed include: an associated changes in international financial flows with effects being experienced in the balance of payments and exchange rates where as the country’s export continue to go up, the balance of payment s (BOP) surplus increases[42]. When the exchange rate become subjected to adjustment forces, the dollar respond by appreciating and hence BOP surplus will decrease[43]. The ‘financial’ effects will in mean time be modified in many ways as the income multiplier start to work, for instance, as increases in USA demand for imports goes up, the domestic interest rate will rise, and this will attract inflow of capital from foreign companies. However, when the opposite of these happens, the repercussion and behavior of the multipliers will exactly work opposite[44]. Conclusion Foreign military sales have both positive and negative impacts on the global front. Positive in that, the supplier countries benefit economically while the recipient nations’ peace and stability become doubtful. USA relationship with China has been characterized as ‘ally-foe’ type with their battlegrounds being largely experienced in trade and diplomacy. As diplomacy may serve the pol itical ends, trade sanctions usually act to ‘bilaterally suffocate’ the other partner manageable disciplined actions. Trade sanctions by China on one of the USA Company involved in military sales would in great measure results into negative impacts on the domestic market, since FMS remains some of the key exports of USA. Therefore there role on the domestic economy is immense. Therefore, despite the misunderstanding between USA and China over FMS to Taiwan, the fact remain that when conducted responsibly FMS has the ability to serve the interest of United States in the best and economic way. Works Cited Akins, Christopher F. â€Å"Security Assistance and National Security in the Global Economy.† The DISAM Journal, 1999. 15 October 2010. http://www.disam.dsca.mil/pubs/v.21_4/akins.pdf. Associated Press. â€Å"Can China carry out threat of sanctions?† Online Article by World Business, 2 January 2010. 15 October 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35185661. Can rong, Jin and Chunling, Dong. Tension on the Rise from Arms Sales. China’s National English News Weekly. 2010. 15 October 2010. http://www.bjreview.com.cn/world/txt/2010-01/29/content_243430.htm. Congress of the United States. The effect of foreign military sales on the USA economy. 1976. 15 October 2010. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA528583Location=U2doc=GetTRDoc.pdf. Emmanuel. â€Å"Fire Your Guns: Taiwan and US-China Relations.† Online Article by Internal Political Economy Zone, 30 January 2010. 15 October 2010. http://ipezone.blogspot.com/2010/01/fire-your-guns-taiwan-and-us-china.html. Holtom, Paul and Bromley, M. The International Arms Trade: Difficult to Define, Measure, and Control, 2010. 15 October 2010. http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2010_07-08/holtom-bromley Lubin, Gus. â€Å"China Threatens ‘Unprecedented Sanctions’ Against Boeing After US Arms Sales to Taiwan.† Online Article by Business Insider, 2 February 2010. 15 October 2010. http://www.businessinsider.com/china-threatens-unprecedented-sanctions-against-boeing-2010-2. Rebecca, M. The Review of Economics and Statistics. The MIT Press. 1989. 15 October 2010. http://www.jstor.org/pss/1928068. Shah, Anup. The Arms Trade is Big Business. Online Article on Global Issues. 2010. 15 October 2010. http://www.globalissues.org/article/74/the-arms-trade-is-big-business. Sorenson, David S. â€Å"Arming the Pacific Rim: Explaining Asian Arms Sales Patterns after the Cold War.† Paper presented at the IV Oceanic Conference on International Studies, Auckland, New Zealand. 2 July 2010. 15 October 2010. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_vAc7v5zqT4J:www.ocis.org.nz/ocis/files/Sorenson.doc+usa+arms+trade+with+Asian+countriescd=11hl=enct=clnkgl=ke. Footnotes Paul Holtom and M, Bromley, â€Å"The International Arms Trade: Difficult to Define, Measure, and Control†.2010. http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2010_07-08/holtom-bromley Paul Holt om and M, Bromley 1 Paul Holtom and M, Bromley M, Rebecca, â€Å"The Review of Economics and Statistics†, (MA, The MIT Press, 1989) 179 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1928068. M, Rebecca M, Rebecca Anup, Shah, â€Å"The Arms Trade is Big Business† Online Article on Global Business. 2010. 1 http://www.globalissues.org/article/74/the-arms-trade-is-big-business. Anup, Shah Anup, Shah Anup, Shah Anup, Shah Paul Holtom and M, Bromley Washington Office on Latin America. â€Å"Foreign Military Sales in 2010†, A Civilian guide to USA Defense and Security Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. 2009. 15 October 2010. http://justf.org/taxonomy/term/31. David, S, Sorenson, â€Å"Arming the Pacific Rim: Explaining Asian Arms Sales Patterns after the Cold War† Paper presented at the IV Oceanic Conference on International Studies. (Auckland, New Zealand, 2 July 2010) 1 http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_vAc7v5zqT4J:www.ocis.org.nz/ocis/files/Sorenso n.doc+usa+arms+trade+with+Asian+countriescd=11hl=enct=clnkgl=ke David, S, Sorenson 1 David, S, Sorenson Anon. â€Å"The USA Defense Industry and Arms Sales†. N.d. 15 October 2010. http://www.stanford.edu/class/e297a/U.S.%20Defense%20Industry%20and%20Arms%20Sales.htm Christopher, F, Akins, â€Å"Security Assistance and National Security in the Global Economy† (The DISAM Journal, 1999) 1 http://www.disam.dsca.mil/pubs/v.21_4/akins.pdf. Christopher, F, Akins 2 Christopher, F, Akins 2 Christopher, F, Akins Christopher, F, Akins Christopher, F, Akins Christopher, F, Akins Christopher, F, Akins 3 Christopher, F, Akins Emmanuel, â€Å"Fire Your Guns: Taiwan and US-China Relations.† (Online Article by Internal Political Economy Zone, 30 January 2010). 1 http://ipezone.blogspot.com/2010/01/fire-your-guns-taiwan-and-us-china.html. Emmanuel Emmanuel Emmanuel Emmanuel Lubin, Gus, â€Å"China Threatens ‘Unprecedented Sanctions’ Against Boeing after US Arms Sale s to Taiwan.† (Online Article by Business Insider, 2 February 2010) 1 http://www.businessinsider.com/china-threatens-unprecedented-sanctions-against-boeing-2010-2. Lubin, Gus Associated Press, â€Å"Can China carry out threat of sanctions?† (Online Article by World Business, 2 January 2010) 1 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35185661. Associated Press Associated Press Canrong, Jin and Chunling, Dong, â€Å"Tension on the Rise from Arms Sales† (China’s National English News Weekly, 2010) 1 http://www.bjreview.com.cn/world/txt/2010-01/29/content_243430.htm Canrong, Jin and Chunling, Dong Congress of the United States, â€Å"The effect of foreign military sales on the USA economy†. 1976. 7 http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA528583Location=U2doc=GetTRDoc.pdf Congress of the United States Congress of the United States Congress of the United States Congress of the United States Congress of the United States This term paper on The International Arms Trade was written and submitted by user Juan V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Two-Way Prepositions Part 3

Two-Way Prepositions Part 3 Believe it or not, two German accusative/dative prepositions make yet another distinction that English does not! The common prepositions  an  and  auf  can both mean on or at but they differ in how they are applied to surfaces. If an object is on or near a vertical surface (a wall, a chalkboard, etc.), then usually the prepositionan  is used. If a horizontal surface (a tabletop, a floor, etc.) is involved, then  auf  is used to express on or at. Look at the illustrations below... Horizontal and Vertical ON or ATAN  (vertical) and  AUF  (horizontal) AN  Ã‚  VERTICAL -  SENKRECHT  Ã‚  die Wand   the wall​​ An  object  approachinga vertical surface.The accus. phrase an die Wandanswers the question  wohin? An  object  on or atthe wall.  (vertical surface)The dative phrase an der Wandanswers the question  wo?    AUF  Ã‚  HORIZONTAL -  WAAGERECHT  Ã‚  der Tisch   the table​ An  object  approachinga horizontal surface.The accus. phrase auf den Tischanswers the question  wohin? An  object  onthe table.  (horizontal surface)The dative phrase auf dem Tischanswers the question  wo? Now, if youve been paying attention, can you say what the dative prepositional phrase  an dem Tisch  or  am Tisch  means? Unlike  auf dem Tisch,  an dem Tisch  means at or next to the table. If you are sitting at the table, you are  am Tisch. If you are sitting on top of the table, you are  auf dem Tisch! German is being very consistent here. If you are talking about your location in relation to the vertical part of the table (the legs, etc.), then you use  an. If youre talking about your location in relation to the horizontal top of the table, then you use  auf. This logic also applies to expressions like  an der Donau  (on the Danube). The use of  an  refers to being on the edge of the river. If were actually on the Danube (in a boat), then were  auf der Donau. More Examples  (A accus., D dative)Here are some examples of the uses of  an  and  auf: wo?  an der Ecke  D - on/at the cornerwohin?  an die Ecke  A - to the cornerwo?  an der Grenze  D - on/at the borderwohin?  an die Grenze  A - to the borderwo?  am Rhein  D - on the Rhinewohin?  an den Rhein  A - to the Rhinewo?  auf dem Dach  D - on the roofwohin?  auf das Dach  A - onto the roof Idiomatic ExpressionsBesides their normal uses,  an  and  auf  are also used in many idiomatic expressions and verbal phrases. Here are some examples: auf der Bank  - at the bankjemandem auf der Tasche liegen  - to live off of someoneauf der Straße liegen  A - to be down and outjemanden an der Nase herumfà ¼hren  - to lead someone around by the nose, take them for a foolworan liegt das?  - whats the reason for that? Most of the other two-way prepositions are used in idiomatic expressions as well. Related Links The Four German CasesA guide to the four German cases: Accusative, Dative, Genitive and Nominative. Includes cases and the  two-way  prepositions. A guide to the many ways to say by in German. Prepositional PitfallsPotential problems and how to avoid them.

A Comparison of the Two Industries, Wal-Mart and Costco

A Comparison of the Two Industries, Wal-Mart and Costco Wal-Mart Versus Costco The two industries chosen for this assignment are retail and technology sectors. Wal-Mart and Costco represent the retail industry given that they are major players in the sector. On the other hand, Microsoft and Apple represent the tech industries. Although these companies do not explicitly state their staffing philosophies, their human resource departments explain the nature of employees that can fit in their work environment. These explanations constitute staffing philosophies and systems of the companies based on the industries and portray differences based on the area of operations as discussed below. Retail Industry As a leading retailer, Wal-Mart fits to represent the retail sector. Regarding the staffing philosophy, Wal-Mart (2017) indicates that the company’s staffing function adheres to the culture of success in that the staff at Wal-Mart should show the ability to make the company succeed. Also, the staffing strategies for Wal-Mart are based on the need to foster the culture of diversity and inclusion where every staff member feels included in the journey towards success. Another guiding principle for Wal-Mart’s staffing is the commitment to American renewal where the staff is involved in manufacturing efforts as a way of making goods affordable. Wal-Mart (2017) does not state the employee qualifications needed for their staff. On the other hand, Costco highlights its staffing philosophy based on the workplace respect and equality and employee qualifications. For instance, on its career website, Costco (2017) indicates that its staff should portray the ability to work in challenging environments. Also, the firm uses fast-pace system to evaluate the staff. A potential staffer at Costco is required to be energetic, ambitious and service-oriented. Integrity, commitment and being goal oriented are also requirements for Costco staffers. Tech Industry Microsoft’s staffing philosophy touches on innovative thinking as the company’s strategic advantage. The company’s staffing efforts try to enrich diversity and performance of products. Microsoft tries to find staffers that are experienced in offering solutions to tech challenges based on innovative thinking. These solutions should be useful in improving Microsoft platforms in the future (Microsoft, 2017). The company says it has over forty employee networks across the world and it is committed to hiring people with disabilities. Microsoft’s staffing efforts that build a network of employees seek to empower people for the future. Apple’s staffing philosophy is based on creativity and innovation. The company requires the potential staffers to have creative and innovative mindsets (Lagunas, 2012). Also, Apple’s staffing is built on the philosophy of talent management and hiring of talented staffers. Also, Apple seeks to recruit hard working employees. Although Apple implements employee training, it gives the employees a chance to choose their training tasks based on their career goals. Sources of Differences Differences in Firms The differences existing between firms’ staffing strategies and systems emanate their founding philosophies. For instance, Wal-Mart was founded on customer satisfaction and focuses on the success in that endeavor. On the other hand, Costco’s staffing philosophy is built on the company’s mission to continuously provide goods and services to customers hence the requirement to have employees that are ambitious and energetic. Microsoft and Apple seem to have a similar philosophy built on innovation and creativity. Differences in Industries The staffing philosophies in the two industries are different in that one focuses on service that employees give to customers while the other is focuses on innovation and creativity to solve problems. The firms under the retail industry category have their staffing philosophies built on acquiring workers that can serve customers with zeal and achieve success. On the other hand, tech companies are concerned with the need to innovate and make systems that solve problems. The fact that retailers sell goods while the technology firms manufacture goods create the differences in that the former will need to serve the buying needs while the latter solves the needs that relate to the functioning of the goods.

Cell biology Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cell biology - Lab Report Example The oculars are also identified as the eyepiece lens and are the ones that a person looks into so as to see magnified specimen and are usually of 10X or 15 X magnifications. The objectives are the lens closest to the object and are usually of different magnification powers. The objective lens is held together by a revolving nose piece that is able to rotate in an easy manner enabling the change of the different lens powers. These powers are of three or four different types and are mostly four, ten, forty, and a hundred times. For complete magnification, both the eyepiece and the objective lens powers are multiplied. The eyepiece and the objectives are connected by a type of tube that is usually straight in shape. This tube is connected and supported to the base by a part identified. For the microscope to function, it is important to have an illuminator that is described as a steady light source that is usually about one hundred and ten volts. In most cases, the illuminator is usually used in place of a mirror that is used to reflect light from an external light source. The specimen are placed on slides and then placed on a platform commonly known as the stage and is usually at the bottom part of the microscope. It is important to understand that the specimen require to be held in place as the magnification takes place. The most common of all microscopes have movable stages that can move right, left, top or bottom. A condenser lens is used to direct light rays from an illumination source to the specimen that is bound to get examined. Condenser lenses are most useful at the highest powers (400X and above).   Microscopes with in stage condenser lenses render a sharper image than those with no lens (at 400X).   If your microscope has a maximum power of 400X, you will get the maximum benefit by using a condenser lenses rated at 0.65 NA or greater.   0.65 NA condenser lenses may be mounted in the stage and work quite well.   A big advantage

Systems Engineering for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Systems Engineering for Managers - Essay Example The dollars thus flowed to such countries as the country's good and services flows to the US. Another major cause of the weakening dollar and the US economy is the petering out of the information technology boom. This is a situation which can not be fixed by even good economic policies. It has been worsened by monetary and multinational fiscal stimulus. The US needs to offer cooperative monetary as well as fiscal stimulus to their own economies without interference with the international trade. Such policies that lower the interest rates would induce investment. There is need for provision of an expansionary fiscal policy government substitution of deficit in spending for the drying private sector. There is also need to cut down the tax that is inequitable as well as inefficient in provision of such stimulus. In the past patients used to have their teeth whitened whenever they wanted, but now they are rethinking the action. They are worried that they might have their income dropping as they are trying to become more prudent with the financial resources they are having. Several citizens in the United States are monitoring their spending behaviors much more closely and are also whitening down their credit card balances as well as their debts regarding other obligations such as education. Such as situation led to a pullback in spending hence the inflation. Thus the weak US dollar did not have the power to purchase another country's strong dollar. According to Tonelson, (2003) the weakening dollar has been pushed harder to the corner by the National association of manufactures that indicates that as the greenback has become too expensive in relation to the other currencies. Thus U.S made products would be priced out of the foreign market as foreign products have gained a cost advantage in the country's market. The increase in crude oil would alter the world's economy as well. Most of other countries' currencies will rise against the dollar. This in return would save the exporting countries against increase in crude oil prices. It is not the case with the US as they will have to pay this crude oil in dollars hence inflation would start in the country. In order to combat such a situation, the US government might need to employ their superpower status and fight any country which is producing such crude oil. Retail sales have generally were sluggish and occasionally below expectations in spite of the substantial discounting on a wide range of the consumer products. Manufacturing sector after being considered as the worst hit by the situation has continued to suffer the widening softness which had adversely affected the US economy. Its sustained weakness has been spilled over to other sectors as several of these have indicated declines in demand for change (People's Daily, 2001). Through out the country there have been ever growing signs which indicates that most consumers have been worried because of the country's weakening economy that is likely to slip into recession. CDIC (2010) indicates that the economic signals of late have been flashing yellow signals indicating that the citizens have to be cautious. As the situation moves from bad to worse jobs have been harder to get and the mortgage industry has been having crisis that has made it very difficulty for admiring home owners who wish to

The Empowerment of Women through Education Essay -- Essays Papers

The Empowerment of Women through Education I’m embarrassed to admit that I had to look up Bangladesh on a map when I found out I was accepted to the program â€Å"Development and Community in Bangladesh.† Obviously, I knew very little about the country, it’s history, it’s economy, it’s political system, it’s religion, and it’s cultural practices. Though in the beginning this seemed to be a great disadvantage to me, it has provided me with a great opportunity to learn about Bangladesh and form my own opinions from my experiences rather than from preconceived stereotypes. Bangladesh is located in Asia, surrounded by India on three sides and the Bay of Bengal on the other. It is on the tropic of cancer and thus is very lush. It is home to seven major rivers, including the Ganges, which flows into the Bay of Bengal, and two hundred minor rivers. Rivers are the most important geographical aspect of Bangladesh because it is such an agriculturally based society. They are also one of the most dangerous natural elements because of flooding in the monsoon season. Thousands of houses are destroyed each year because of flooding and other natural disasters. There are two hilly areas: the hills of Assam and the Chittagong Hill Tracks. Bangladesh is also home to vast rainforests, marshes, and swamps. It has six seasons: griishmo (summer), borsha (rainy), shorot (autumn), hemonto (harvesting), shiit (winter), and bosonto (spring.) Three seasons are truly discernable; the monsoon season, the cold season, and the hot season. The seasons are fairly self-explanatory, y et my mental image of each of the seasons was very different from reality. Coming from the mid-west of the United States I’m used to very cold winters and relatively warm summers, wit... ...elopment around the World: Practice, Theory, Research, Training. Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1997. Gardner, Katy. Songs at the River’s Edge. London: Pluto Press, 1997. Murray, Jon. Newton, Alex. Plunkett, Richard. Wagenhauser, Betsy. Bangladesh. London: Lonely Planet Publications, 2000. 1990 Bangladesh Census Report Chittagong is a district in Southeast Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Nationalist Party takes a strong anti-India stance and is more nationalistic. The Awami League is broader in its contingency. It represents more of the minorities. A hartel is a strike. A burqua is a â€Å"cape which covers the whole body, with a veil for the face; worn by women in Muslim countries to hide themselves in public.† (Gardner, 146.) bari: â€Å"homestead, a collection of households at one site, which are usually all of the same lineage.† (Gardner, 145.)

Computer Engineering Pdf

Study Plan Masters of Science in Computer Engineering and Networks (Thesis Track) I. General Rules and Conditions 1. This plan conforms to the regulations of the general frame of programs of graduate studies at the University of Jordan. 2. Candidates for admission in this program are holders of the Bachelor's degree in the following specialties: a) Computer Engineering b) Electrical Engineering c) Networks Engineering d) Communications Engineering e) Electronics Engineering f) Bachelor of Mechatronics II. Special Conditions: None. III. The Study Plan: Studying (33) credit hours as follows: 1. Obligatory courses listed in Table 1; (15) Credit Hours. Course No. 0903720 0903723 0907721 0907731 0907741 Course Title Random Processes Variables and Stochastic Credit hrs. 3 3 3 3 3 Prerequisite 0903720 0907721 Analysis of Communications Networks Network Systems Design Advanced Computer Architecture Distributed Systems 2. Elective courses selected from the list shown in Table 2; (9) Credit Hours. Credit Course No. Course Title Pre-requisite hrs. 903721 0903725 0903728 0903730 0907702 0907722 0907723 0907732 0907733 0907779 Digital Communications I Wireless Communication Systems Data Communication Systems Multimedia Streaming Computer Performance Evaluation Networks and Systems Security Wireless Networks Advanced Embedded Systems Parallel Processors 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0903720 0907721 – Special Topics in Computer Engineering and 3 Networks 3. Masters Thesis, 0907799; (9) Credit Hours. 1 Study Plan Masters of Scienc e in Computer Engineering and Networks (Non-Thesis Track) I. General Rules and Conditions 1. This plan conforms to the regulations of the general frame of programs of graduate studies at the University of Jordan. 2. Candidates for admission in this program are holders of the Bachelor's degree in the following specialties: a) Computer Engineering b) Electrical Engineering c) Networks Engineering d) Communications Engineering e) Electronics Engineering f) Bachelor of Mechatronics II. Special Conditions: None. III. The Study Plan: Studying (33) credit hours as follows: 1. Obligatory courses listed in Table 3; (24) Credit Hours. Course No. 0903720 0903723 0903725 0907721 0907722 0907723 0907731 0907741 Course Title Random Processes Variables and Stochastic Credit hrs. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Prerequisite 0903720 0903720 0907721 0907721 Analysis of Communications Networks Wireless Communication Systems Network Systems Design Networks and Systems Security Wireless Networks Advanced Computer Architecture Distributed Systems 2. Elective courses selected from the list shown in Table 4; (9) Credit Hours. Credit Course No. Course Title Pre-requisite hrs. 903721 0903728 0903730 0907702 0907732 0907733 Digital Communications I Data Communication Systems Multimedia Streaming Computer Performance Evaluation Advanced Embedded Systems Parallel Processors 3 3 3 3 3 3 – 2 0907779 Special Topics in Computer Engineering and 3 Networks 3. The Comprehensive Exam (0907798). – 3 Masters of Science in Computer Engineering and Networks Course Descriptions 0903720 Random Variables and Stochastic Processes (3 Credit Hours) Pro bability and random variables. Distribution and density functions. Functions of random variables. Two random variables and sequences of random variables. Multidimensional random variables. Stochastic Processes. Markov chains. Spectral representation of stochastic processes. Spectral estimation. Project. Digital Communications I (3 Credit Hours) Introduction to Communication Systems. Baseband and Bandpass digital modulation techniques: Line Codes, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QAM. Performance measures: power, bandwidth, bit error rate. Carrier and symbol synchronization. Signal design for band-limited channels. Signal design for fading channels. Project. Analysis of communication Networks (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite: 0903720 Introduction to queuing theory and traffic engineering. Markov chains, steady-state and balance equations. Continuous and discrete arrival models. Basic queuing systems. Erlang formulas. Applications to telephony systems and aata networks, performance parameters (blocking probability, delay, throughput and reliability). Systems with vacations, priority systems, polling and reservation systems. Network simulation. Project. Wireless Communication Systems (3 Credit Hours) Review of Multiple Access Techniques: TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA. Design of wireless communication systems: modulation, propagation, channel estimation, equalization and coding. Cellular systems (GSM/3G/4G), Synchronous and Asynchronous CDMA and code synchronization. CDMA performance and multi-user interference cancellation. Satellite communication systems. Indoor communication systems, wireless LANs and wireless protocols. Data Communication Systems (3 Credit Hours) Introduction to communication and switching networks. Asynchronous and synchronous transmission, SDH/SONET. Design and planning of telephony systems. Broadband access technologies. Internetworking and the Internet Protocol (IP), routing in IP. Quality of Service (QOS). Voice over IP (VoIP). Audio and video streaming. IP network planning. Integration of data and cellular/wireless networks. Security issues. Project. (3 Credit Hours) Information Measures. Audio Video Data Compression. Performance of Compression Techniques and Rate Distortion Function. Mathematical Introduction to Number Theory. Cyclic, BCH and CRC Codes. Convolutional and Turbo Codes. LDBC Codes. Performance of Error Correcting Codes. Packet Data Transmission and Formatting for Audio and Video Data. Multimedia Streaming 0903721 0903723 0903725 0903728 0903730 4 0907702 Computer Performance Evaluation (3 Credit Hours) Issues in Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking. Measurement Tools and techniques, Trace Driven and Execution Driven Simulation. Choice of metrics. Benchmarks. Statistical techniques for Performance Evaluation. Trace Generation and Validation, Synthetic Traces, Verification of Simulators. Design of Experiments. Analytical Modeling of Processors, Statistical modeling, Hybrid Techniques. Application of queuing theory, Markov models and probabilistic models for computer system evaluation. Workload Characterization. Network Systems Design (3 Credit Hours) This course gives a broad view of the current state of computer networking research. Topics include: Internet architecture; Internet routing: the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), routing characterization, routing security, Internet AS relationships, traffic engineering, end host congestion control; quality-of-service, network security: intrusion detection systems, worms, and honeypots; mobile and wireless networking; peer to peer and overlay networking; content distribution networks; sensor networks; critical network infrastructure services: Domain Name Server (DNS), mail servers, etc. network measurement: distance estimation, bandwidth measurement, trouble shooting tools; network management. Networks and Systems Security (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite: 0903720 Review of Computer Networks. Number Theory and Field Arithmetic. Sources of Network Threats. Data Encryption: Cryptography and Ciphering. Risk Management. Key Management. Protocols and Alg orithms of Security Systems. Email and Web Security and Firewalls. Performance Evaluation of Security Systems. Wireless Networks (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite: 0907721 Introduction to wireless networks: physical layer, MAC and IEEE 802. 11, HIPERLAN, Bluetooth, channel assignment and channel hopping, power control and rate control, multi-radio, network layer, mobile IP, and naming, routing in mobile networks, transport protocol in wireless networks; types of wireless networks: wireless mesh networks, sensor networks, cellular networks, delay tolerant networks, RFID and WiMax; wireless network management and security: localization, network usage studies, network diagnosis, network security. Advanced Computer Architecture (3 Credit Hours) Subjects in scientific methodologies, review of computer design principles, processor design, RISC processors, pipelining, and memory hierarchy. Instruction level parallelism (ILP), dynamic scheduling, multiple issue, speculative execution, and branch prediction. Limits on ILP and software approaches to exploit more ILP. VLIW and EPIC approaches. Thread-level parallelism, multiprocessors, chip multiprocessors, and multi-threading. Cache coherence and memory consistency. Advanced memory hierarchy design, cache and memory optimizations, and memory technologies. Advanced topics in storage systems. Designing and 5 0907721 0907722 0907723 0907731 evaluating I/O systems. 0907732 Advanced Embedded Systems (3 Credit Hours) System specifications. Requirements and models of computation including State Charts, SDL, Petri nets, Message Sequence Charts, UML. Process networks, Java, VHDL. SystemC, Verilog and System Verilog, and SpecC. Embedded system hardware, I/O, communications, processing units, memories. Embedded operating systems, middleware, and scheduling. Prediction of execution times. Scheduling in real-time systems. Embedded operating systems. Implementing embedded systems: hardware/software codesign. Task-level concurrency management. High-level optimizations. Hardware/software partitioning. Compilers for embedded systems. Voltage scaling and power management. Actual design flows and tools. Validation. Simulation. Rapid prototyping and emulation. Test. Fault simulation. Fault injection. Risk and dependability analysis. Formal verification. Parallel Processors (3 Credit Hours) In-depth study of the design, engineering, and evaluation of modern parallel computers. Fundamental design: naming, synchronization, latency, and bandwidth. Architectural evolution and technological driving forces. Parallel programming models, communication primitives, programming and compilation techniques, multiprogramming workloads and methodology for quantitative evaluation. Latency avoidance through replication in small-scale and large-scale shared memory designs; cache-coherency, protocols, directories, and memory consistency models. Message passing: protocols, storage management, and deadlock. Efficient network interface, protection, events, active messages, and coprocessors in largescale designs. Latency tolerance through prefetching, multithreading, dynamic instruction scheduling, and software techniques. Network design: topology, packaging, k-ary n-cubes, performance under contention. Synchronization: global operations, mutual exclusion, and events. Alternative architectures: dataflow, SIMD, systolic arrays. Distributed Systems (3 Credit Hours) Pre-requisite: 0907721 Introduction to Distributed Systems. Distributed Operating Systems. Processes and Inter-process Communication (IPC). Distributed File Systems. Remote Procedure Calls (RPC). Security Models. Distributed Architectures and Technologies. Middleware. Object Based Distributed Systems. Messaging and Message Oriented Systems. Agent-Based Systems. Distributed Application Project. Special Topics in Computer Eng. and Networks (3 Credit Hours) 0907733 0907741 0907779 Topics of special interest in current computer engineering and networks issues. The course description is specified by the department at every course offering. 6